That one body may act upon another at a distance through a vacuum without the mediation of anything else, by and through which their action and force may be conveyed from one to another, is to me so great an absurdity, that I believe no man, who has in philosophical matters a competent faculty of thinking, can ever fall into it.
Isaac Newton
Letter to Richard Bentley (1692)
Newton had suggested that special tiny repellent particles pervade the whole of space, making up an invisible, weightless medium capable of transmitting gravity or magnetism, yet rare enough to leave the planets virtually unaffected.
Sir Isaac Newton (1643 to 1727)
Alternative explanation of gravity
Download PDF file Abstract:
The objective of this paper is twofold. First, in extending the current thermodynamic properties of mass, temperature, volume and pressure to include the substantiation of mass density as a thermodynamic property, it will be shown that mass density is not just a straightforward ratio of mass and volume, but a representation of a true ratio when heterogeneous states of matter are in an equilibrium state. It will also be shown that, for a given gas of constant mass, the product of density and temperature remain constant irrespective of change in volume and/or pressure. Second, in this paper, where molality is used as a generic term relating to the unitary mole, provides a methodological approach in establishing precise molality by a refinement of the Avogadro principle and, consequently, dispenses with the gas constant. Computation is then specific when dealing with real gases.
PACS numbers:
01.40.-d, 01.55.+b, 51.30.+i
Updated:
31 October 2022
Key subjects:
General Physics -> Thermodynamical Properties of Gases, Relative Aspects of Matter, Avogadro’s Principle, Precise Molality, Intermolecular Forces, Equilibrium of State
Abstract:
In assessments of the quasi-magnetic monopoles, experimentally discovered in tetrahedral crystal structures of spin ices, show them to exhibit conformity with the theoretical particles that Paul Dirac theorised to retain duality symmetry between the electromagnetic unified fields. During deliberation into the magnetic force led to the serendipitous insight that the existence of gravitons would consist of magnetic monopole dual particles, which self-organise into theoretical ‘Gravity Strands’ – the modus operandi as to the vera causa of the gravitational force. A theoretical premise readily developed, from which evolved a solution for quantum gravity in perfect unity with magnetic and electrical fundamental forces, thereby forming a foundation for Quantum Magnetodynamics.
PACS numbers:
04.60.-m, 14.80.Hv, 34.20.Cf, 05.70.Ce
Updated:
14 October 2022
Key subjects:
Quantum Gravity -> Quantum Chromodynamics, Magnetic Monopoles, Gravitons, Gravitation, Magnetism, Quantum Thermodynamics
Abstract:
Quantum Magnetodynamics is presented as the foundation for Quantum Gravity where the solution realised a perfect unity with the magnetic and electrical fundamental forces. It also advances a plausible explanation for the existence of dark matter. This conceptual foundation is used to explore the influence of magnetodynamical processes throughout the cosmos, from the evolving conditions in the early universe which ensued from the Big Bang to current compact cosmic objects that are associated with powerful magnetic fields. Magnetodynamical processes would fundamentally reconcile the extreme classical hierarchical scales of the universe, with its structural formations and in their cohesion, to a governing process that originates at the quantum scale.
PACS numbers:
98.80.Qc, 95.35.+d, 97.60.-s, 98.80.Bp
Updated:
30 November 2022
Key subjects:
Quantum Cosmology -> Quantum Gravity, Gravitation, Magnetism, Quark-Gluon Plasma, Compact Cosmic Objects, Dark Matter
Abstract:
A premise that Nature arises, at the quantum scale, from simplistic fundamental structures that progress into the complexity of functional structures, has highlighted an important requirement for the forces of Nature to be formulated from such a fundamental structural viewpoint. By revisiting an existing paradigm for a methodological approach to revealing such a structure relating to the fundamental forces, a model has been established. This foundational representation provides a powerful predictive tool, from which has pointed to the potential source of Dark Energy; in its revelation as a fundamental force and its essential counterbalance to gravity.
PACS numbers:
12.90.+b, 12.60.-i, 11.30.Ly, 13.15.+g
Updated:
15 March 2022
Key subjects:
Fundamental Physics, Particle Physics, Cosmology -> Fundamental Forces, Unified Fields, Dark Energy, Black Holes, Binary Star Systems, Big Bang, Super Inflation
Abstract:
It is deduced from Einstein's famous equation in relation to the rest mass-energy of particles that the phenomenon of the quantum arises at the Planck scale from the discrete granularity of energy. This revelation is utilised in conjunction with the paradigm that Nature transpires from absolute correlative hetero-solutions, where each solution is absolute minimal in substance but vast in potential, by introducing an absolute solution for the origin of distinct charges in which presents the composition of each quantum of energy possessing one of four fundamental charges. This solution then realises the minimal prerequisite for the formation of everything: particles, forces and interactive processes, such that Nature was presented with just one ingredient – energy – to construct and activate the universe.
PACS numbers:
21.10.Ft, 14.65.Bt, 14.70.Dj, 14.80.Hv
Updated:
30 November 2022
Key subjects:
Particle Physics -> Vacuum Energy, Planck Scale, Granularity of Energy, Fundamental Particles, Fundamental Charges, General Relativity, Quantum Gravity
Abstract:
A preliminary investigation into experimentally measured radii of particles shows there is for both composite and elementary particles a simple correlation between their mass and size. Among the provisional and yet significant conclusions is the explanation of the mass expression in Einstein's famous equation. This explanation is an assertion as to the origin of mass.
PACS numbers:
Updated:
23 January 2021
Key subjects:
Fundamental Physics -> Mass, Absolute Density, Higgs Mechanism, Massless Particles, Black Holes, Big Bang, Singularities.
If a true solution to a problem cannot be found is simply because the problem is not understood. To persevere, only formulate the research into thoroughly understanding the problem; the solution will naturally formulate itself.
David W Gold
Absolute solutions are ALWAYS the most simplest of solutions (albeit, the most difficult to ascertain). Indications are all of Nature, originating at the most fundamental level, transpires from correlated absolute solutions.
David W Gold